Amino Acid Metabolic Reprogramming in Tumorigenesis and Development and Its Role in Immunotherapy
YOU Xiaoxin1,2, ZHANG Dan1, LI Erguang1*
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. In addition to the well-known Warburg effect, the importance of metabolic reprograming of amino acids in tumorigenesis and development has been recognized. Amino acids and their metabolites function as main regulator of innate and acquired immunity, affect tumorigenesis and tumor microenvironment. Tumor immunotherapy acts by targeting specific molecules and abnormal metabolic processes so that it boosts or changes certain aspects of a person’s immune system to fight against cancer cells. Thus, abnormality in amino acid metabolism can alter tumor microenvironment and affect anti-tumor immune response from several aspects, including signaling events for cell proliferative, tumor inflammatory environment, tumor invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, as well as cancer cells escape from immune destruction. Hence metabolic reprogramming of amino acids has been exploited for tumor immunotherapy. This review focuses on recent advances on amino acid metabolic reprogramming and the role in tumorigenesis, development and tumor immunotherapy.
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