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The Structure and Function of Xanthine Oxidoreductase
Li-Shu Li, Xian-Hua Chen, Ye-Bo Shao1, Xuan Liu, Ping Xu*
Laboratory of Genomic Physiology, Brain Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; 1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Abstract: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of purines. The two final products of the reaction——uric acid and reactive oxygen species (OH? H2O2 and O2·- ) play important roles in variety physiological processes. In this review， we summarized some important results about XOR， including the genomic sequence， the molecular structure and the function of its protein， multiple steps in regulation of its activity， and the function of the two catalytic products——uric acid and reactive oxygen species in physiological and pathological conditions. This will help systematically understanding the research history of the enzyme， the situation of recent studies and the problems remains to be resolved.
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