Recent Advances in the Regulation of the Inflammatory Microenvironmentby Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles
WANG Xueyu1, YANG Siying1, SONG Shenghua1,2, YU Chenjie1,2*
Plant‑derived exosome‑like nanoparticles are natural nanovesicles isolated from plants with highyield, low immunogenicity, and low toxicity, which have attracted increasing attention for their roles in regulatinginflammation and maintaining immune homeostasis. The inflammatory microenvironment is defined as the specificmicroenvironment in which inflammatory responses occur. It plays a pivotal regulatory role in driving the onset andprogression of inflammatory diseases and is a hallmark pathological feature commonly found in the aetiology ofvarious chronic diseases. Disruption of the inflammatory microenvironment homeostasis leads to aberrant activa‑tion of immune cells, dysregulated intercellular signaling, and overproduction of inflammatory mediators, therebycontributing to the development of inflammatory diseases. The clinical application of existing chemically synthe‑sised drugs for treating inflammatory diseases is often limited by significant side effects, drugs derived from naturalsources that combine potent anti‑inflammatory activity with low toxicity are urgently needed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The present article reviews the formation, isolation, and purification of plantderived exo‑somelike nanoparticles, as well as the mechanisms by which they regulate key signalling pathways and inflamma‑tory mediators in the inflammatory microenvironment. This review provides a significant reference for the expan‑sion of their practical applications in the field of biomedicine.
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