Advances in Immune Cell Therapy

YANG Yu ^1,2, WANG Ying^1,2, WANG Jianxiang^1,2*

(¹State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China; ²Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China)

Abstract:

Immune cell therapy has emerged as a major breakthrough in biomedicine over the past decade,demonstrating remarkable efficacy in the treatment of malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Significant progress has been made in various cell-based treatments, including CAR-T, TCR-T, TIL, CAR-NK, and CIK therapies. Several products have been approved for clinical use in both China and the United States. Multi-target CAR-T, off-theshelf CAR-T, and in vivo CAR-T are advancing the development of next-generation therapies. However, immune cell therapy still faces challenges such as target antigen loss, immunosuppressive microenvironments, treatmentrelated toxicities, high production costs, and limited accessibility. This review comprehensively summarizes recent global advances in immune cell therapy and discusses its clinical prospects and ongoing challenges.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2026.01.0004