Research Progress in Gene Modification Techniques of RAW264.7 Macrophages

ZHU Lijing¹, YI Wei¹, ZHANG Like¹, SUN Ning¹, WU Qiong¹, ZHUANG Mingzhu², WU Guosheng¹, WANG Guangyi^1*

(¹Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; ²Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China)

Abstract:

Genetic modification of RAW264.7 macrophages remains a significant challenge due to their ter minally differentiated characteristics and lysosomal clearance barriers. This review summarizes recent advances in genetic modification technologies, focusing on breakthrough approaches including membrane surface engineering, UTMD (ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction)-mediated physical delivery, AAV (adeno-associated virus) optimization, epigenetic regulation of AAV vectors, and base/RNA editing tools. These technologies significantly enhance the efficiency and precision of genetic modifications by optimizing delivery pathways and editing tools, of fering new paradigms for macrophage functional reprogramming and disease therapy research.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2025.10.0025