Research Progress of Immune Microenvironment in Bone Metastases Cancer
LI Junxiao1, MAO Yongxin2, XU Gan3, XU Wei1*
Tumor bone metastasis is a leading cause of death in patients with advanced cancer and has a profound impact on their quality of life. Although immunotherapy has been widely applied in cancer management, there are still many challenges for immunotherapy in treating bone metastasis cancer. In addition to tumor cells, the bone metastatic TME (tumor microenvironment) also includes various cell types, such as cancerassociated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Studies have demonstrated that immune cells play an indispensable role in the occurrence and progression of tumor bone metastasis and exhibit different functions in response of tumor treatment. Based on the current research progress in immunotherapy for bone metastatic cancer, the mechanisms by which immune cells interact with the host microenvironment during the process of tumor bone metastasis were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, this article explores the effects of different immune-active factors and tissue-secreted proteins on tumor growth and metastasis, and proposes potential targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at different immune cells and influencing factors.
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