Advances in the Innate Immune Recognition of Nucleic Acids
SHENG Chunjie, ZENG Qi, YAO Chen, CHEN Shuai*
There are two major types of immunity: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the first line of defense for the body’s non-specific resistance to microbial invasion and recognition of tissue damage. With the identification of the pattern recognition function of Toll receptor in Drosophila in 1996, the discovery of new PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) and the revelation of their regulatory mechanisms under physiological and pathological conditions have become cutting-edge fields in biomedical research. Over the past thirty years, a new batch of nucleic acid-sensing PRRs, including TLRs (Toll-like receptors), RLRs (RIG-I-like receptors), NLRs (NOD-like receptors), cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase), etc. and inflammasomes have been identified. Among them, many nucleic acid-sensing pattern recognition receptors are targets for the development of new vaccine adjuvants and anti-tumor drugs. Numerous candidate drugs have also entered clinical trials. Nucleic acid-sensing pattern recognition receptors play an important role in recognizing virus invasion and self nucleic acids. This article reviews the innate immune recognition mechanism of nucleic acids and the latest progress in the development of cancer immunotherapy drugs.
CN
EN