Research Progress on a Novel Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ROR1 and Its Targeted Cancer Therapy Strategies
CHEN Siyu*, WANG Yigang
In recent years, ROR1 (receptor tyrosine-kinase-like orphan receptor 1) has gradually become a hot spot in tumor treatment research due to its unique expression pattern and key role in tumor biology. Under normal conditions, the expression of ROR1 is typically confined to specific stages of embryonic development and a few adult tissues, whereas in many types of malignant tumors, ROR1 is abnormally high expressed. This differential expression pattern between normal and tumor tissues provides a theoretical basis for ROR1 as a tumor-specific therapeutic target. Studies have shown that ROR1 is not only involved in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis and other key physiological processes, but also plays an important role in the formation of tumor resistance to traditional therapies. In view of the above characteristics of ROR1, scientists are actively exploring tumor-targeted treatment strategies with ROR1 as the target, aiming to achieve specific killing of tumor cells through precise intervention in the ROR1-mediated signaling pathway, while reducing the damage to normal tissues. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research and development of targeted drugs against ROR1, including but not limited to monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, and small molecule inhibitors. These innovative drugs and therapeutics have opened up new avenues for tumor immunotherapy by blocking the function of ROR1 through different mechanisms or inducing immune cells to specifically recognize and clear ROR1-expressing tumor cells. This paper review the structure and expression of ROR1, and deeply analyze its mechanism of action in promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and drug resistance. At the same time this study sort out the latest research progress in targeting ROR1 in the field of tumor immunotherapy, including the development of targeted drugs, the results of clinical trials, and the optimization of therapeutic strategies as well as the challenges faced.
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