The Role of New Post-Translational Modifications in Regulation of Innate Immune Response and Inflammatory Diseases: a Comprehensive Review
QIAO Xiaoyue, CHEN Kun*
PTMs (post-translational modifications) refer to the chemical modification alterations of proteins which are covalently conjugated with centain chemical groups or proteins. PTMs play essential roles in modulating the conformation, activity, subcellular localization and protein-protein interactions of target proteins. Innate immu nity is the first line of defense against infection, and its abnormal activation is closely related to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this process, PTMs precisely regulate innate immune response by modulating the recruitment, stabilization, and transcription of key signaling proteins. In addition to classic PTMs (including phos phorylation, ubiquitination, etc.), some new PTMs, such as ubiquitin-like modification, ADP-ribosylation and me tabolites (lactate, succinate, palmitate, etc.)-mediated modifications, glycosylation, have been recently revealed to regulate innate immune response and be involved in the development of inflammatory diseases. This review mainly focuses on discussing the regulatory mechanism of new PTMs in innate immune signaling and their functions in in f lammatory diseases caused by abnormal activation of innate immunity.
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