Advances in the Biogenesis and Functional Research of tRNA-Derived Small Non-Coding RNA
YANG Yiting#, LI Yun#, GUO Ailian, LÜ Xinyi, WANG Xin, CAO Zheng, SHU Ze, ZHANG Yunfang*
tsRNAs (tRNA-derived small RNAs, also known as tRNA fragments) are a novel class of tRNA-derived small non-coding RNAs that extensively expressed in multiple tissues and body fluids of animals and plants. tsRNAs play indispensable roles in embryonic development, cell fate determination, immune regulation, epigenetic inheritance of acquired traits, and various human diseases including cancer. tsRNAs contain various RNA modifications that inherited from their tRNAs precursors. These RNA modifications have not only increased the information coding compacity of tsRNAs and enriched the diversity of tsRNAs functions, but also increased the mechanism complexity of tsRNAs, which leads tsRNAs become a hotspot in small non-coding RNAs field in recent years. This review systematically summarizes the latest research progresses of tsRNAs in their biogenesis regulation, molecular mechanisms, biological functions and sequencing methods. Additionally, it explores the potential of tsRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in clinical application.
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