Advancements in the Application of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment
LUO Wei, QUAN Qi, LIN Dafeng, XU Zihao, PENG Roujun*
Immunotherapy has become a crucial component of cancer treatment, particularly through the use of ICIs (immune checkpoint inhibitors). Widely used ICIs in clinical practice include antibodies against CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4) and antibodies against PD-1 (programmed death receptor 1) and its ligand PD-L1. These ICIs have been approved for the treatment of various malignant tumors, showing unprecedented capabilities to extend patients’ survival time. This article reviews the mechanisms of action, clinical applications in different tumors, drug resistance mechanisms, strategies for reversing resistance, and side-effects of CTLA-4 antibodies and PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.
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