Regulation Mechanism of Cyclin D and CDK4/6 in Cell Cycle Progression
ZHANG Yufei1, PAN Jianfeng2, QIAO Yonhua3, RONG Youjun2, MA Rong2,SHANG Fangzheng2, ZHANG Yanjun2,4,5,6,7*
The cell cycle is the entire process that a cell undergoes from the completion of one decelerateddivision to the end of the next decelerated division. The cell cycle consists of G0 phase (stationary phase), G1 phase(DNA pre-synthesis phase), S phase (synthesis phase), G2 phase (late DNA synthesis phase) and M phases (cytokinesis). Normally, there are three main checkpoints that prevent cells from undergoing abnormal replication, namelythe G1/S checkpoint, the G2/M checkpoint and the metaphase/anaphase mitotic checkpoint. The G1/S checkpoint, also known as the initiation point, is a critical point for cell cycle initiation, and the G1/S checkpoint regulates cellcycle initiation through a complex formed by the binding of cyclin D to CDK4/6, which affects cell cycle progression. In addition, abnormal activity of cyclin D and CDK4/6 can induce abnormal proliferation of cancer cells andtrigger malignant development of cancer. Therefore, understanding the changes in CDK4/6 activity, the assemblyof cyclin D with CDK4/6 and the role of CDK4/6 inhibitors will help to understand the underlying regulatory processes in cell cycle progression as well as provide a new option for the treatment of cancer. This review describesand summarizes the key conditions for the regulation of CDK4/6 activity, the key processes of cyclin D-CDK4/6 inthe G1 to S phase transition, and the progress of CDK4/6 inhibitor in cancer, and finally describes the problems andchallenges of cyclin D and CDK4/6 in cell cycle progression, aiming to provide a scientific reference for further research on the cell cycle.
CN
EN