Responding to the Challenge of New Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Virus Infection Mechanisms and Advances in Nanobodies

At present, the research and development of new SARS-CoV-2 drugs have focused on new mutants, and a cocktail of multivalent antibodies or several antibodies in neutralizing antibodies has a better probability of inhibiting the new mutants from infecting cells. In the research and development of multivalent antibodies, nanobodies have become one of the hot spots in research and development due to their advantages of rapid research and development, low production cost, good stability, and suitability for local administration in the respiratory tract. In order to provide information for the development of new antibodies, this article summarized the main receptors and receptor cofactors of the spike protein during SARS-CoV-2 infection. At the same time, this article introduced the utilization of various host proteases by SARS-CoV-2 during infection, describes their roles in the process of virus infection. Finally, this article summarized the currently published nanobodies that neutralize SARS-CoV-2, in order to provide a reference for new drug development and epidemic control of SARS-CoV-2.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2022.09.0019