Function of Exosome in Innate Immune Response during Pneumonia and Its Application
LIU Li, PEI Xiaolei, FENG Sizhou*
In the daily gas exchange with the outside, the lung is always faced with the threat of various pathogenic microorganisms, allergens and even pollutants. Therefore, the lung immune system, especially the innate immune system, plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis and protecting the body from the above hazards. When sufferring from the invasion of foreign pathogens, AECs (pulmonary epithelial cells) and AMs (alveolar macrophages) cooperate with each other to quickly identify the invading pathogens and send out recruitment signals, and then neutrophils and even adaptive immune cells like B cells and T cells, quickly gather and soak to jointly clear pathogens. As membranous units with specific function, exosome may come from AECs, AMs and other cells. They contain proteins, DNA, miRNA, mRNA and others, which can effectively reflect the state of its original cells and be used as biomarkers of lung diseases. In addition, exosome can also effectively transmit information and regulate biological activities when taken up by the target cells, which indicate its therapeutic role. Herein, this work mainly reviews the research progress in the lung immune system, the innate immune response in lung infection, and the role and application of exosome in pulmonary innate immune response during infection.
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