The Role of RAS in Childhood Hematologic Malignancies and RAS-Based Targeted Therapies
ZONG Suyu, HU Tianyuan, ZHANG Yingchi, ZHU Xiaofan*
RAS is involved in regulating various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The mutated forms of RAS are crucial to the occurrence and development of hematologic malignancies. Mutant RAS induces the activation of multiple signaling pathways, including RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, RAS-PI3K and RAS-RALGEF-RAL, leading to the development of leukemia. Activating mutations of RAS are common in patients with childhood hematologic malignancies. Detailed functional studies of RAS revealed the complexity of RAS targets and its related signaling pathways, which make it challenging to develop novel approaches that target RAS for leukemia treatment. However, a deeper understanding of RAS pathways has yielded novel promising drugs. This review focus on the molecular structure and functions of RAS, the pathological roles of RAS mutation and its related pathways in childhood hematologic malignancies, and the recent progress of RAS-based therapeutic strategies.
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