Trained Immunity: New Strategies for Modern Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development
JIANG Shan, WANG Tong, XU Yuanfu*
Some innate immune cells will undergo adaptive reprogramming of immune metabolism and epigenetic modification after being stimulated by pathogens. When the body encounters the aforementioned pathogens again in a short time, it will produce a rapid and robust non-specific immune response called trained immunity currently. Up to now, it is reported that cells with trained immunity properties mainly include monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells and natural lymphocytes, and in a broad sense also include hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and vascular endothelial cells. As a crucial role in immune regulation and host defense, trained immunity affects the occurrence and development of a variety of infectious diseases and inflammations. Therefore, in-depth study of trained immunity can provide an important theoretical basis for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, tumors and infectious diseases, and the development of related vaccines. Based on the recent progress of trained immunity, this review describes its mechanism and potential application prospects in disease treatment and vaccine development.
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