Research Progress of Common Mechanically Sensitive Ion Channels in Bone Metabolism and Related Diseases

Skeletal adaptation to mechanical stimulation is important for maintaining bone metabolic homeostasis. This adaptation relies on mechanically sensitive ion channels in bone’s mechanically sensitive cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) to convert extracellular mechanical stimuli into intracellular chemical signals. TRP and PIEZO are important mechanically sensitive channels involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. Studies have shown that the ion channels are mechanically sensitive, such as osteoblasts (PIEZO1, TRPM3, TRPV4, TRPV2 and TRPML1), osteoclasts (TRPV6, TRPV1 and TRPA1), osteoclast precursors (PIEZO1, TRPC3 and TRPC6), osteocytes (TRPV4 and PIEZO1) and mesenchymal stem cells (TRPM7, PIEZO1 and PIEZO2). However, the functions and downstream effectors of some mechanically sensitive ion channels are still unknown and controversial. The main types and functions of mechanically sensitive ion channels related to bone metabolism are reviewed to provide a reliable theoretical basis and a new method for bone remodeling and the treatment of bone diseases.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2021.09.0025