Advances in the Pathogenesis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
WANG Weidong, WANG Qiyun, AI Lisi, HE Xiaohua, YANG Qingmin, WANG Ziyue, JIN Yanxia*
AML (acute myeloid leukemia) is a malignant hyperplastic disease caused by clonal expansion and loss of differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow, with high morbidity and mortality. Clarifying the pathogenesis and developing the therapeutic drugs will improve effectively the survival rate of AML patients. However, the occurrence mechanism of AML is still unknown. Studies have reported that the occurrence of AML is closely related to gene mutations, signal pathway abnormalities, epigenetic regulation, leukemia microenvironment and immune imbalance. This review mainly discusses the related gene mutations or abnormal expression such as FLT3, IDH1/IDH2 and BCL-2, abnormal signaling pathways such as ROS signaling pathway, receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, non-receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, Ser/Thr kinase activity and cell surface receptors, as well as the imbalance in related immune cells such as NK cells, T cells and macrophages or abnormal immune molecules such as CD33, PD-1, CD47, CD70. In this review, the research progress of pathogenesis in AML is summarized at the molecular and cellular level, which will provide a reference for the development of targeted therapeutic drugs for AML.
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