Progression and Application of Brain Organoid Technology
SONG Yixuan1,2, ZHANG Mingliang1,2*
By following developmental principles, brain organoids can be generated from pluripotent stem cells under three-dimensional culture conditions with sequential modulations of neural development-related regulatory signals. Brain organoids resemble, at least in part, brain tissue, in regarding to their cell composition and anatomical structure that recapitulate regions of the cortex observed in brains, and thus are considered as an ideal in vitro model to decipher the development mechanism, as well as roots of neurological disorders of brain. In addition, by using the organoids resembling individual brain domains, brain organoids can be used to explore the interactive cross-talk of brain with different regional information, or with other tissues/organs. Furthermore, through multiomics analysis across species in a comparative way, evolution of brain is investigated with brain organoids. This article reviews recent progresses of brain organoids, particularly on brain development, disease modeling, and drug screening.
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