The Role of Exosomes in Central Nervous System under Hypoxic Condition
ZHANG Jiajia1, SU Gang2, CHEN Lixia1, WANG Manxia1, ZHOU Juanping1, GAO Juan1, ZHANG Zhenchang1*
Exosomes are EVs (extracellular vesicles) deriving from the endosomal system, which contain specific proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA. They can transfer signals to recipient cells thus mediating intercellular communication. Hypoxia, as a serious cellular stress, is a vital feature of brain diseases, which can induce the release of exosomes and affect the content of exosomes. Increasingly, studies have indicated that the bioactive substances carried by exosomes can reflect their cellular origin and disease status, which can become potential biomarkers for the diagnosis or prediction of hypoxic diseases. This article reviews the general characteristics of exosomes, functions of exosomes, secretory mechanism of exosomes under hypoxic condition, as well as the mechanism of exosomes released by normal nerve cells (such as neurons and astrocytes) and glioma cells under hypoxia.
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