Research Progress in Differentiation, Maturation, and Functionalization of Oligodendrocytes in Mammal
XIE Dengfeng, QIU Xiaoyan, XIONG Chunxia, LI Yunxin, CHU Xinye, HUANG Yun, LI Tong, OTIENO Edward, JIANG Jiang, XIAO Xiong*
OLs (oligodendrocytes), one type of neuroglial cells, are found in CNS (central nervous system). They contribute to producing axon-wrapping myelin, which is of vital importance to conduct nerve signaling. Regulations for differentiation of OLs involve miRNA (microRNA) and certain members of Sox (sex-determining region of Y chromosome related high-mobility-group box) family and CDKs (cyclin dependent kinase) family. Shh (sonic hedgehog), Wnt, Notch, and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signaling pathways, as well as transcription factors, such as Olig 1, Sox 5/6, Sox 10, Nkx 2.2, Zfp 24, and Hes 5 take part in regulating the maturation and functionalization of OLs. Mechanisms of these mentioned factors on OLs were reviewed here to provide references for further understanding and manual intervention of OLs development, prevention and cure of demyelinate diseases.
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