Necroptosis Related Diseases
Yang Na, Long Yi, Sun Liming*
Necroptosis is a new mode of cell death that different from apoptosis and traditional necrosis, it is mainly induced by ligation of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family or Toll-like receptor (TLR) family. Once the death receptors are activated, RIP1 and RIP3 would be activated, and then RIP3 recruits and phosphorylates its substrate MLKL. The phosphorylated MLKL releases its auto-inhibition and forms oligomers, which translocate to the membrane compartments, cause membrane leakage. Unlike apoptosis, necroptosis is a form of pro-inflammatory cell death, which releases a large amount of cellular contents, such as DAMP (damage associated molecular patterns), thus necroptosis involves in lots of pathophysiological processes of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, infectious inflammatory diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury, tumorigenesis, etc. Necroptosis inhibitors are expected to be used in these diseases to help with improving the patient’s conditions. This review elaborates on the role of necroptosis in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, inflammatory diseases, tumors, neurological diseases and other diseases, aiming to provide prospects for the diagnosis and treatment of necroptosis-related diseases.
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