Lysosome Function and Lysosome-Related Diseases
Xu Yinfeng1*, Wan Wei2
Lysosome has been viewed as the recycling center in mammalian cells for a long time. However, recent discoveries have uncovered a central role of lysosome in intracellular trafficking, membrane repair, nutrient sensing and cell metabolism. Relocation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) or AMPactivated protein kinase (AMPK), two master regulators of cell metabolism, from cytoplasm to lysosomal surface, is required for their activation. In addition, lysosome maintains the quality control of proteins and organelles through an autophagy-dependent manner. Microphthalmia/transcription factor E (MiT/TFE) proteins regulate lysosome biogenesis by stimulating the expression of the entire classes of lysosomal genes. Dysfunction of lysosomes leads to a variety of diseases, including metabolism disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. We would review the role of lysosome in autophagy, nutrient sensing, cell metabolism and diseases in this paper.
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