The Role of Exosomes in the Progress and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

Ding Yanfei¹, Ling Yunxiang¹, Cai Jie², Tusuntohti Yusupjan¹, Xu Shujun¹*

(¹School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo 315211, China; ²Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China)

Abstract:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with progressive decrease in memory and cognitive function. Until now, the mechanism of its pathogenesis is still unclear and the effective treatment is still lack. Damaged neuronal cell-derived exosomes transfer miRNA, amyloid-β(Aβ), amyloid precursor protein (APP) to adjacent neurons which accelerate the death of nearby neurons. Glial cell-derived exosomes regulate the production, oligomerization and degradation of Aβ.Mesenchymal Stem Cells release neprilysin, miRNA, neurotrophic factors through exosomes. These factors inhibit neuroinflammation, promote the degradation of Aβ and then prevent the progress of AD. At present, the study of exosomes is one of the hotspots of AD researches. This paper reviews the formation of exosomes and its underlying role in the progress and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2019.06.0019