The Formation, Specification and Maintenance of Germline Stem Cell
Zhang Fan, Li Jinsong
After implantation into uterus, with the gastrulation, the mammalian embryo began to establish three layers and give rise to germ cell lineage at the same time. The earliest germ cells of the embryo are known as primordial germ cells (PGC). The male and female PGC proliferate and migrate to the genital ridge, continue to proliferate and then enter mitotic arrest and meiosis prophase,respectively. Oogonia and spermatogonial stem cells differentiated into oocytes and spermatozoa through complex developmental processes. Here, we review the origin and specialization of mouse and human primordial germ cells, and summarize the molecular characteristics and in vitro culture system of mouse and human spermatogonial stem cells.
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