Mechanism and Progress of Mesenchymal Stem Cell in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and varying degrees of insulin resistance， resulting in failure to maintain glucose homeostasis. In recent years， cell-replacement therapies have shown a considerable therapeutic benefit in diabetes mellitus (DM). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have various properties of multiple differentiation potential， unique low immunogenicity， immunomodulatory， antiinflammatory， anti-apoptotic effects and so on. They are considered as ideal candidate cell types for treatment of DM. Research related to MSCs have shown exciting therapeutic effects on glycemic control both in vitro and in vivo and some of them had applied in clinical practice， but there are still have many potential problems. Before MSCs transplantation becomes a conventional therapy for T2DM， a great deal of research need to be done to optimize the therapeutic regimen and ensure the best therapeutic effect. This article will briefly review the molecular mechanisms of MSCs treat type 2 diabetes， the current problems encountered in clinical trials， and new strategies for MSCs therapy， providing new ideals and insights for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2019.03.0024