Research Progress of Extracellular Vesicles
Chen Yang*
Cells release into the extracellular environment diverse types of membrane vesicles of endosomal and plasma membrane origin called extracellular vesicles (EV). These EV represent an important mode of intercellular communication by serving as vehicles for transfer between cells of membrane and cytosolic proteins, lipids, and RNA. Although over the past decades, many literatures report that extracellular vesicles have been released by a variety of cells, deficiencies in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms for EV formation and lack of methods to interfere with the packaging of cargo or with vesicle release, still hamper the progress of developing EV as biomarkers for specific diseases. In this review, we focused on the definition, classification and characterization of EV and on currently proposed mechanisms for their formation, targeting, and function. We would also talk about the separation and detection methodologies of EV.
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