Advances in the Organelle Interactions Connected by Endoplasmic Reticulum
Yan Bing, Hu Junjie*
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotes is a continuous membrane system that is connected by sheets and tubules. It plays critical roles in protein and lipid biosynthesis and in the regulation of calcium homeostasis. Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are formed between the ER and multiple membrane-bound organelles through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. These contacts are involved in physiological processes such as material transfer, signaling transduction and membrane dynamics. Defects in ER-mediated organelle contacts are linked to pathogenesis of several human diseases. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and potential functions of the interactions between the ER and other membrane-bound organelles.
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