Research Advance in the Effects of Nuclear Receptor on Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Adaptation and Its Mechanisms

Abstract: The exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations could be induced by long-term exercise or training， which included the changes in skeletal muscle mass， ratio of type I and type II muscle fiber， mitochondrial biosynthesis， autophagy and oxidative metabolism as well as the recovery of injured muscle， resulting in the muscle hypertrophy， the improvement of oxidative metabolism and eventually the enhancement of exercise performance. As ligand-dependent transcription factors， several nuclear receptors were reported to be tightly associated with the exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations including androgen receptor， estrogen receptor， glucocorticoid receptor， peroxisome proliferator activated receptors， thyroid hormone receptor， Rev-Erbα， orphan receptors Nur77 and Nor1， and estrogen-related receptor， thus achieving resistance exercise-induced enhancements of muscle strength and explosive force through fast-muscle hypertrophy and endurance exercise-induced increment of endurance by the increases in ratio of type Ι muscle fiber， mitochondrial biosynthesis， autophagy and some enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism. This review summarized the roles of nuclear receptor in the exerciseinduced skeletal muscle adaptations and its underlying mechanisms， which might be significant to understand the mechanisms of exercise-induced increases in skeletal muscle mass and mitochondria number and to provide theoretical basis for the effects of exercise on the prevention against muscle loss and the improvement of oxidative metabolism.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2019.01.0016