Regulation of Rho GTPases Signaling Pathways by Bacterial Effectors in Host Cells

Abstract: Bacterial virulence often relies on secreted effectors that modulate eukaryotic signal transduction. Pathogenic bacteria injects effectors into host cells by secretion systems， infecting and disrupting host innate immune defence. Phagorytosis， a process regulated by actin cytoskeletal rearrangements， plays an indispensable role in innate immune system. As a pivotal regulator of actin cytoskeleton， Rho GTPases are main targets of bacterial effectors. Bacterial effectors could act as a GEF or GAP towards a special Rho GTPase， inactive Rho GTPases by triggering the release of them from membrane by removing carboxyl tail， mimic Rho GTPases directly， act upstream of Rho GTPases， or direct posttranslational modification of Rho GTPases. All of these help to create a favourable environment for bacterial survival， replication， and releasing virulence factors. Dysfunction of Rho-regulated signaling pathways are implicated in severe human diseases， such as mental retardation，immunological disorders and cancers.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2016.02.0012