Mechanisms and Regulations of TLRs- and RLRs-mediated Cellular Antiviral Signaling

Abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) are two classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in host cells. TLRs are located at the membrane system of cells， while the RLRs are cytoplasmic viral sensors. Upon reognition of the PAMPs generated by viruses during their invasion and replication， TLRs and RLRs recruit various of adaptors and activate a series of signaling cascades， leading to induction of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. Meanwhile， host cells also adopt a number of strategies to regulate TLRs-/RLRs-mediated signaling to prevent harmful excessive immune responses. In addition， many viruses also regulate TLRs- and/or RLRs-mediated signaling through their structural or non-structural proteins， thereby escaping the recognition and clearance by the host. In this review， we focus on the mechanisms and regulation of TLRs- and RLRs-mediated signaling， as well as a brief introduction of virus-mediated regulation of TLRs- and RLRs-mediated signaling.
    

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2009.04.0001