Research Progress on Circadian Regulation of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Glucose Homeostasis
YANG Luda1,2#, ZHANG Haisen1,2#, LI Chao1,2, WANG Yiqun1,2, JIN Yaping1,2, CHEN Huatao1,2*
As an important regulatory system, the circadian clock is present in almost all cells, tissues, and organs of mammals. The circadian clock maintains the dynamic changes of behaviors and physiological functions occurring within a 24 h period via controlling the rhythmic expression of circadian clock-controlled genes. The mammalian central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus synchronizes the peripheral clocks through the neural and humoral pathways. The central and peripheral clocks regulate numerous processes involved in glucose metabolism, including the hormone signal transduction, rate-limiting enzyme genes expression, and nutrient signaling in liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues. Notably, circadian clock control of hepatic glycogen metabolism plays an important role in circadian clock control of glucose homeostasis. Circadian rhythm disorders caused by genes mutation, irregular sleep patterns, and irregular meal patterns often induce a series of abnormal phenotypes, such as insulin resistance, reduced hepatic glycogen content, and glucose intolerance. This review mainly summarizes the role of circadian clock in the regulation of hepatic glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis, emphasizes on the molecular mechanism of hepatic circadian clock control of hepatic glycogen metabolism, and discusses the effect of circadian rhythms disruption related with shift work and jet lag on human glucose homeostasis, intending to provide novel ideas for the prevention and treatment of glucose metabolism disorders-related diseases.
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