Research Progress of Bone-Derived Osteocalcin on Cross-Organ Regulation
ZHAO Xuan, DU Yuxiang, ZHANG Lingli, YANG Jie*
Osteocalcin is one of the specific biochemical markers of bone formation. It has three forms in the blood, carboxylated, partially carboxylated and uncarboxylated. Osteocalcin also has a great effect of monitoring and regulating on the stages of bone, which can be used to evaluate the process of bone formation and destruction. As a secreted protein of bone, osteocalcin has an influence on organs outside bone. It participates in the metabolic process of body. It impacts the process of diseases, too. In the nervous system, osteocalcin has an effect on neurotransmitter synthesis, which affects memory fuction. In glycolipid metabolism, osteocalcin has an influence on the leptin, adiponectin and insulin, which helps reducing fat deposition in liver. This influence also contributes to the treatment of type 2 diabetes and thyroid bone diseases. In this review, literature domestic and overseas are both involved, discussing the metabolic regulation of bone-derived osteocalcin on extraosseous organs. The mechanisms of osteocalcin in different organs and responses of osteocalcin under exercising (mechanical stimulation) are also described.
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