Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident Selenoproteins and Alzheimer’s Disease
Jia Shizheng, Song Guoli*
Selenium is an essential micronutrient in mammals. The major biological form of this micronutrient is selenocysteine that is present in the active sites of selenoproteins. Until now, 25 selenoproteins are found in humans. Among these selenoproteins, 7 selenoproteins have been identified as the residents of endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They are 15 kDa selenoprotein (SELENOF), type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2), selenoprotein M, T, K, S and N. The absence or dysfunction of these selenoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum can severely affect the function of the endoplasmic reticulum and induce the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). It has been shown that ERS is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. This article reviews the relationships between endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins and Alzheimer’s disease.
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