Recent Advances in Exercise-Induced Attenuation of Ischemic Brain Injury Based on Multi-Organ Synergistic Interactions
HONG Yanyan1, CHEN Wei2, MAO Haifeng3,4*
The treatment of ischemic stroke faces bottlenecks such as a narrow therapeutic window and poor long-term neurological recovery. Traditional views categorize the neuroprotective effects of exercise into “direct central effects” and “indirect peripheral effects”. This review proposes that exercise is, in essence, a systemic intervention that mobilizes a coordinated response across multiple organs throughout the body. Exercise can induce tissues and organs such as skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, the intestine, and the liver to release various signaling molecules, including myokines, short-chain fatty acids, and adipokines. Upon entering the brain, these peripheral signals interact and integrate at sites such as the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular units, jointly regulating intracerebral inflammatory responses, energy metabolism, and neural repair processes, thereby synergistically promoting angiogenesis, enhancing synaptic plasticity, suppressing neuroinflammation, and protecting neurons. Based on this, this paper proposes a “peripheral multi-organ synergy-central interface integration” model, emphasizing that exercise reshapes the secretory functions of peripheral organs, leading to the convergence and synergistic repair of the brain through multi-level signaling interactions. This model provides a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms of exercise and the development of novel rehabilitation strategies.
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