The Role of Bile Acids and Their Receptors in Regulating Hepatic Encephalopathy via the Gut-Liver-Brain Axis
CHEN Junting, HU Xuefeng, LÜ Yi*
HE (hepatic encephalopathy) is a severe neuropsychiatric complication caused by liver failure or portosystemic shunting. Its pathogenesis is jointly mediated by multiple factors such as disruption of the gut-liver brain axis, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier damage. Currently, the fundamental treatment principles for HE in clinical practice include nutritional support, treatment of the underlying disease and correction of precipitating factors, pharmacological therapy including traditional Chinese medicine interventions. However, specific treatment methods are still lacking. Bile acid receptors, as key molecules in the regulation of metabolism and maintenance of homeostasis, are closely related to the development and progression of liver diseases and HE by modulating the function of the gut-liver-brain axis. This article systematically summarizes the current research status of bile acid receptors in the pathogenesis of HE, aiming to provide new ideas and directions for exploring HE treatment strategies.
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