Research Progress of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in Oral Tissue Engineering

Dentition defects, dental defects, and abnormalities in the maxillofacial bone and soft tissues are frequently caused by tumors, trauma, and bacterial infections. In oral tissue engineering, hPSCs (human pluripotent stem cells) present novel opportunities for the concurrent rebuilding of tissue structure and biological function due to their capacity for self-renewal and multidifferentiation. This research reviews the advancement of hPSC applications in the regeneration of whole teeth, tooth roots, enamel, pulp-dentin complex, periodontal tissues, maxillofacial bone tissue, and oral soft tissues. It begins with a brief summary of stem cell selection in tissue engineering. The research status of hPSCs in various fields is then methodically reviewed, with an emphasis on their primary induction differentiation mechanisms, tissue engineering building models, and in vivo regeneration effects. It provides a detailed discussion of the regeneration of maxillofacial bone tissue and the pulp-dentin complex, while also identifying existing technical bottlenecks in the regeneration of whole teeth, enamel, and oral soft tissues. Finally, it discusses the limitations of hPSCs in oral tissue engineering and their future prospects, aiming to provide a reference for further research and application of hPSCs in oral regenerative medicine.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2026.07.0011