Research Progress and Future Prospects on the Intervention Effects of Different Exercise Methods on Microvascular Function in Patients with Hypertension
ZHOU Huimin1, LI Miao2,3, LIU Qi2,3, SONG Guangxia1, CHEN Zihua2,3, WANG Chengke4, ZHU Huan2,3*
This review focuses on microvascular dilation function and microvascular density as the entry points. It summarizes the effects of exercise on microvascular function in patients with hypertension from the perspectives of exercise type and exercise intensity, and also reveals the potential mechanisms by which exercise improves microvascular function, providing evidence support for the application of exercise therapy in patients with hypertension. Previous studies have demonstrated that long-term regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and blood flow restriction resistance exercise can significantly improve the microvascular function of patients with hypertension. In addition, regulating vascular dilation and contraction factors, fat metabolism factors, and improving the autonomic nervous system function are potential mechanisms for exercise to enhance the microvascular function of patients with hypertension. The deficiencies in microvascular function evaluation indicators and evaluation methods, the single exercise mode and lack of intervention effect comparison, and the single condition of the intervention subjects are the main problems in current related research. To address these issues, it is suggested that subsequent research should strengthen the evaluation of microvascular function from two aspects: muscle oxygen saturation and changes in microvascular function under exercise conditions, and focus on 2nd and 3rd grade hypertension patients as research subjects to deeply explore the intervention effects of aerobic combined with resistance exercise, blood flow restriction training, and high-intensity intermittent exercise patterns, and compare the intervention effects of different exercise modes.
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