Research Progress on the Mechanisms of miRNA in Microvascular Injury of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
LIU Xuejun1, ZHANG Jiping2, ZHOU Mingwang1,3*, WANG Xiaoping1, GAO Haiyuan2
ONFH (osteonecrosis of the femoral head) is a common destructive bone disease in clinical practice caused by multiple factors, but its pathogenesis remains not fully understood. Among the hypotheses, microvascular injury is considered as one of the more crucial theories. In the early stages of ONFH lesions, due to the body’s lipid metabolism imbalance, inflammation occurs in the blood vessels inside the femoral head, leading to damage to the elastic fibers of the vascular walls, increased vascular fragility, followed by vascular occlusion or even rupture, causing multiple lesions and multi-stage bleeding or coagulation within the femoral head, ultimately resulting in complete interruption of blood supply to the femoralhead and necrosis. Increasing research evidence shows that some miRNAs are abnormally expressed in the bone tissues and blood of patients with ONFH. miRNAs nourish bone cells by regulating angiogenesis and lumen formation, promote bone tissue growth, and play a role in the prevention and treatment of ONFH. Based on the recently published relevant literatures, this paper explains that miRNAs exert preventive and therapeutic effects on ONFH in multiple ways, including alleviating vascular injury and damage, reducing thrombosis, and promoting angiogenic differentiation.
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