Application Progress of the Type Ⅵ CRISPR-Cas System in Biomedicine
ZHENG Chenlu, ZHANG Zechen, ZHENG Weiwei*
The CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive immune mechanisms that evolved in prokaryotes. They employ RNA-guided nucleases to cleave specific foreign genetic material to achieve defense, and have been devel oped as important gene editing tools. Among them, the CRISPR-Cas13 (type Ⅵ CRISPR-Cas system) which relies on a single effector protein for RNA-specific cleavage, enables gene editing without genomic alteration. With this higher safety profile, it provides a new strategy for biomedical research and clinical treatment. This article system atically summarizes the classification of the CRISPR-Cas13 system and the structural characteristics of different subtypes, reviews the applications of the CRISPR-Cas13 system in nucleic acid detection, gene editing and basic scientific research, and summarizes optimization strategies for the CRISPR-Cas13 system. Additionally, the review discusses current limitations and challenges of its application, and proposes future development directions, thereby offering insights to guide clinical translation and further technological development.
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