Advances in Research on the Role of the Semaphorin Family in Angiogenesis-Osteogenesis Coupling
LIU Wei1, SUN Zhipeng1, HUANG Jinrui1, PENG Randong2, ZHANG Dehong2, TANG Qiang1, BI Junwei2*
The Sema (semaphorin) family, traditionally recognized as classic axon guidance molecules, has recently been shown to play pivotal roles in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling. By interacting with NRP1/NRP2 (neuropilin1/ neuropilin2) and Plexin-A-Plexin-D, semaphorins not only regulate endothelial cell migration and vascular branch ing but also modulate the dynamic balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Moreover, they engage in crosstalk with multiple signaling pathways, with distinct Sema members exhibiting differential functions within the angiogenic osteogenic microenvironment. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms and recent advances concerning the role of the Sema family in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling. Furthermore, future research should integrate single-cell/spatial omics and biomaterial-based delivery strategies, aiming to provide novel targets and inno vative approaches for the precision treatment of bone-related diseases.
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