Advances and Challenges of CAR-T Therapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer

MA Yutao¹, XU Jiacheng¹, FEI Xin¹, LIU Ping^2*, MA Qi^3,4*

(¹Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; ²Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; ³Comprehensive Genitourinary Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China; ⁴Yi-Huan Genitourinary Cancer Group, Ningbo 315000, China)

Abstract:

CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T-cell) therapy, an immune cell-based treatment technology that genetically modified T cells to enhance their tumor-specific cytotoxic capabilities, has achieved significant ef f icacy in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, its application in solid tumors such as prostate cancer faces with challenges including physical barriers, an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and insufficient T-cell infiltration, etc. This review briefly describes the developmental history and structural optimization of CAR-T technology, highlights prostate cancer-specific target antigens with clinical translation potentials. It also introduces other promising immune cells treatment technology and discusses the main challenges faced by CAR-T therapy in prostate cancer treatment, as well as prospects for future applications.

CSTR: 32200.14.cjcb.2025.10.0022