Research Progress on the Regulation of Mineral Nutrient Homeostasis by Plant Cell Wall
QIU Huapeng, ZHU Meijun, GAO Yiqun*
The plant cell wall is a cellular structure directly interfacing with the external environment, and comprises three main types: the primary wall, the secondary wall, and the middle lamella, which composed of vary ing types and proportions of cell wall polysaccharides—cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, etc—along with cell wall proteins. Those components form a complex and highly organized structure that enables the cell wall playing crucial roles in cell support and protection, material exchange, and signal perception. Plant cell wall has deep inter action with nutrient homeostasis. Certain mineral elements, such as Ca (calcium) and Mg (magnesium), act as co factors for cell wall biosynthetic enzymes, structural components of the wall network, or signaling molecules, there by regulating the initiation and development of the plant cell wall. Meanwhile, the movement of mineral elements is reciprocally constrained by the plant cell wall. Cell wall polysaccharides, such as pectin, can chelate metal cations, enabling the cell wall to function as an ion sink. The hydrophobic lignification and suberization of endodermal cell wall in root construct the diffusion barriers, which are key structures in regulating the radical transport of water and nutrient. The diffusion barriers play vital roles in plant environmental adaptation, especially in dealing with abiotic stress. Their key biological significances make the diffusion barriers an emerging hotspot in plant developmental bi ology and stress biology research. This article aims to review the interactions between the components and structure of plant cell wall and ions and summarize the recent advances in diffusion barrier development and the critical roles of cell wall diffusion barriers in regulating plant water and nutrient homeostasis.
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