Advances in Integrated Brain Organoids and Their Applications in Modeling Development and Disease
CHU Siyuan#, CHEN Sisi#, XIANG Yangfei*
Brain organoids are three-dimensional neural cultures derived from pluripotent stem cells, which can recapitulate certain structural and functional features of the brain. Region- or subregion-specific brain organoids closely resemble the cell types, structures, and physiological functions of specific brain regions or nuclei. Integrated brain organoids contain multiple brain regions or cells from distinct lineages. The former can be used to study neuronal migration, neural circuit connections, and brain region development, among others, while the latter includes vascularization, brain-immune interactions, and others. Brain organoids have been utilized to model neurological disorders, dissect disease mechanisms, and discover therapeutic strategies. This review focuses on recent progress in brain organoid technologies, including the development and application of integrated brain organoids.
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