Research Status and Trends of Organoid Interaction Models
QIU Huanlu#, DU Haoran#, HU Huili*
Organoids are three-dimensional cellular culture systems that mimic the physiological and pathological conditions of the human body. The fast-developing organoid technology drives the transition of research models in biomedical science. Organoids highly recapitulate heterogeneous cell fates, three-dimensional cellular structures and functions of derived tissues, leading to their wider application in basic research of development and as a key tool of drug screening and precision/regenerative medicine. With the establishment of organcrosstalk model, the in vitro organoid culture system breaks through the limitation of traditional model with single organ, realizing the accurate modeling of dynamic communication between organs, microenvironment interaction and systematic simulation of disease progression. The main construction strategies of multidimensional interacting organoid models include: (1) multi-lineage co-culture system to dissect cell-cell communication; (2) combining microfluidic organ chips to achieve dynamic regulation and monitoring of the microenvironment; (3) intelligent biomaterials to construct biomimetic interaction interfaces; and (4) 3D bioprinting technology to customize multiorgan topology. Comprehensive application of these interdisciplinary techniques enables organoids to realize the cascade and systemic mimic of organogenesis, regeneration and disease progression. Many research achievements have been made such as remodeling of tumor metastasis microenvironment, metabolic regulation among the gutliver axis, organ crosstalk of neuro-immune, and system prediction of drug toxicity. Moreover, the construction of organ interaction models of specific disease contributes to the development of novel intervention strategies and significantly improves personalized precision treatment options and efficiency. Therefore, this review summarizes the construction strategy, research progress and application of organoid interaction models, with a further prospect of their use in the systematic analysis of biomedical function, complex disease mechanisms and the development of intervention strategies.
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