Development and Innovation of Extracellular Matrix Materials in Tumor Organoid Applications
WU Hao1,2#, FU Xuzheng2#, MA Qing1,2, CHENG Wanting2, ZHAN Meiling2, MENG Qinghang1, LIN Xinhua1,2*, WANG Bin1*
The TME (tumor microenvironment) is a dynamic and complex system composed of ECM (extracellular matrix), cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, etc. Its heterogeneity and dynamic evolution significantly influence tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. As an emerging preclinical model, tumor organoids serve as a vital platform for studying tumor cells and their interactions with the microenvironment. This review systematically summarizes the composition of the TME and its interaction mechanisms with tumor cells, focusing on the current development status of novel tumor organoid matrix materials and their applications in high-throughput testing systems for tumor organoids. Finally, it outlines the technical bottlenecks in current tumor organoid matrix materials development, and prospects the intelligent and standardization requirements of engineered organoids for matrix materials, as well as the development direction of multidisciplinary integration.
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