Enhancing the Efficiency of Tumor Immunotherapy via a Biomimetic Drug Delivery System based on Cell Membrane and Cells

Tumor immunotherapy has emerged as an effective treatment for various types of primary andmetastatic cancers. NDDS (nanoparticle drug delivery system) possesses advantages of high bioavailability andexcellent targeting ability, arousing widespread attention in areas such as tumor-targeted therapy and immunotherapy. However, there are limitations with traditional NDDS in clinical applications, such as easy recognition andclearance by the immune system and poor ability to cross biological barriers. To address these challenges, BDDS(biomimetic drug delivery system), due to their good biocompatibility and lower immunogenicity, has emerged asa highly promising therapeutic strategy. The cell membrane or mammalian cells (such as red blood cells, platelets,monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and T lymphocytes, etc.) are derived from the maternal biological system andexhibit unique biological characteristics, which have become the focus of research. In this review, the latest progress of BDDS based on cell membrane and cells in improving tumor immunotherapy in recent years is reviewed.The construction methods, characterization techniques, and application studies of these BDDSs have been emphasized. In addition, the challenges and future development in improving the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy arealso discussed.