Mucosal Immunomodulatory Function and Mechanism of Gut CommensalMicroorganism-Derived Lipid Metabolites

Trillions of symbiotic microorganisms interact with the host immune system on the surface ofthe intestinal mucosa. Their encoded microbial metabolic pathways can produce a variety of small molecules withimmunomodulatory activities. Dietary fats undergo lipolysis to release free FAs (fatty acids). These FAs are thenabsorbed and utilized by the body as essential nutrients with the assistance of gut BAs (bile acids). Meanwhile,intestinal symbiotic microorganisms can convert host-derived BAs into deconjugated BAs or secondary BAs, andmodify unsaturated long-chain FAs into various intestinal FA isomers. Research into how microbial lipid metabolicnetworks modulate the development, maturation, and function of our mucosal immune system is emerging. Withthis teams’ relevant studies, this review will summarize and discuss the recent progress of mechanistic insights onthe interaction between microbial lipid metabolites and gut mucosal immunity.