Mechanism of Glial Scar Formation after Central Nervous System Injury and Its Effect on Nerve Repair

Astrocytes in the damaged area were activated by many endogenous regulatory factors to become reactive astrocytes after central nervous system injured. A large number of reactive astrocytes proliferate, differentiate and migrate to form glial scar. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and chondroitin sulfate secreted by glial scar are the important reasons to hinder axon regeneration and nerve function recovery. In this paper, the mechanism of glial scar formation and the mechanism of glial scar hindering axonal regeneration and neurogenesis after central nervous system injury were reviewed.