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Expression， Regulation and Function of Adenylate Cyclases in Mammals
Guo Yanhui#, Liang Xiuyin#, Yu Shuangying, Hao Doudou, Yang Huiyun, Gao Zhiying, Xu Ruqiang*
School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Abstract: Adenylate cyclase (AC) catalyzes the conversion of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to cAMP (cyclic AMP) which is a universal second messenger and involved in a wide range of cellular signaling responses. In mammals， a total of ten AC isoforms encoded by different genes are identified， and defined by two distinct types， nine transmembrane enzymes (AC1-9) and one soluble protein (AC10). These AC isoforms feature differences in spatial and temporal expression and distribution among different organs/tissues or cells， as well as in the mechanisms of regulation， and exert various physiological functions and obvious influences in health and diseases， which are summarized in this article.
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